A study to assess the knowledge regarding foot care among diabetes mellitus patients in selected hospital mehsana

 

Ms. Ankita Chaudhari

Assistant Professor, Nootan College of Nursing, Vinagar, Dist; Mehsana.

 

ABSTRACT:

 

 

INTRODUCTION:

“Every human being is another of his own health or disease.”     

                                                                              -Buddha

 

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the fourth leading cause of death in most developed countries. Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defect in insulin secretion, insulin action or both. It is the most common endocrine disorder and is on insidious disease, with the risk of developing it increasing with age type 2 diabetes is growing and is most commonly associated with adults over the age of 40 years. Every fifth person who suffer from diabetes is the world today is an Indian currently 25 million Indians have diabetes in India, the ratio of the diagnosed with those undiagnosed is 1:3.¹

 

Rapid urbanization and industrialization have produced advancement on the social and economic front in developing countries such as India which have resulted in dramatic life style change, leading to lifestyle related disease. One of the most common and devastating complication of poor circulation in diabetes is the foot ulcer. Foot problem are important contributory factors to the high morbidity and mortality observed in diabetic patients, and the economic impact of foot disease is substantial. It is estimate that 15% of patients with diabetes will develop a lower extremity ulcer during the course of their disease. About 25% of those ulcers don’t respond to standard wound care and would develop a gangrene ending with amputation in 85% of cases.²

 

Diabetes incurs large health status, consuming a large part of the health budget worldwide due to both direct cost and indirect costs. The gloomy picture can be changed to some extent if through primary prevention. We need effective education of the general diabetic population about the measures of self-care that are indispensable to achieve both primary and secondary interventions. It is estimated that reductions in amputation rate between 45 and 85%can be achieved through the adoption and implementation of well organized diabetic foot care teams.³

 

The foot problem in diabetic is multifaceted and there are no simple solutions. In all these patients the primary physician or the community care provider becomes the hub of the management .it is important to win the patients confidence at the primary level. Therefore an integrated management programme is needed in which optimal regulation of diabetes and associated co morbidity and regular communication and instruction of the patient and his or her caregivers are taken care.⁴

 

NEED FOR STUDY:

Today, India has primary position in the global diabetes epidemiology map as it is the home of nearly 32 million diabetes. The current world health organization (WHO) data estimate the combined diabetic population of India and china to be 52.4 million. This number is expected to climb to approximately 121.8 million or one third of the world’s prevalence by the year 2030. DM is more prevalent is Asians as compared to westerners. The top ten countries with the highest prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance in 2003 and 2005 are mainly Asians⁵.

 

In a recent study in Chennai, nearly 25% of the population studied was unaware of a condition called diabetes. Only 40 percent of the participants felt that prevalence of diabetes was increasing and only 22 percent of population felt that diabetes could be prevented the national urban diabetes survey in India has shown standardized prevalence of diabetes and IGT to be 12.4% and 14% respectively with no gender difference.⁶

 

The increase in prevalence is fastest in developing countries, where the number of diabetics will almost triple from 84 to 228millin.the developing world will be responsible for more than 75% of diabetes in 2025. India have a higher predicted increase from 15 million in 1995 to 57 million in 2025 while china now estimated to have 15-20 million people with DM will have a predicted risk to 50 million by 2025.⁷

 

The knowledge of risk factors was even lower, only 11.9 percent of the study subjects reported obesity and physical inactivity as risk factors. Even amongst the known diabetes, only 40.6 percent were aware that diabetes could lead to some organ damage and complication. Many people (46%) with diabetes felt that it was a temporary phenomenon.⁸

 

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM:

“A study to assess the knowledge regarding foot care among diabetes mellitus patients in selected hospital mehsana.”

 

OBJECTIVES OF STUDY:

1.     To assess the knowledge regarding foot care among diabetic patients.

2.     To determine the association between knowledge and their demographic variables.

 

HYPOTHESIS:

H1: “There is a significant correlation between knowledge and attitude regarding diabetic foot care among diabetic patients.”

H2: “There is a significant association between knowledge and attitude regarding diabetic foot care among diabetic patients with their selected demographic variables.”

 

METHODOLOGY:

An Survey research approach was adopted for this study. The Research design selected was T                                  exploratory design. The study was conducted in selected of mehsana district. and the sample size for the present study will be 100.Purposive sampling technique will be used for the present study collection done after obtaining permission from authority. Self structured knowledge questionnaire was used to collect data regarding Diabetes mellitus.

 

RESULTS:

Demographic data was analyzed using frequency and percentage. Frequencies, percentage, mean, median, mean percentage and standard deviation was used to determine the knowledge score.

 

Finding related to demographic data:

Major study findings include: Among diabetic patients included in the study, most of them were had completed age, sex, education status, religion, Economical status, Martial status are included in this study.

 

Percentage wise distribution of diabetic patients according to their age depicts that the similar percentage (50%) were in the age group of 20-25years42% and 25-30years30% and were in the age group of 30-35 years20% and 35-40 years10%. Hence it can be interpreted that majority of the young adult people under study belonged to young adults (20-25years)

 

Percentage wise distribution of young adult people according to their gender shows that highest percentages of (52%) were males and (48%) were females. Hence it can be interpreted that the male gender were more than the females.

Table:1 Finding Realated Pre test score:

Frequency and percentage distribution of level of knowledge diabetic foot care in selected hospitals patients in mehsana in pre test                                                                                                 N=100

Frequency Percentage % Inadequate (0-7) 34 34% Moderate (8-14) 60 60% Adequate (15-21) 6 6% TOTAL 100 100%

 

Table 1 reveals that during pre-test, patients had 6 (6%) adequate level of knowledge, had 60 (60%) moderate level of knowledge and 34 (34 %) inadequate of level of knowledge of diabetic foot care.

 

It was inferred from the above table that the assess knowledge regarding diabetic foot care among the diabetes mellitus patients in selected hospital of mehsana city.

 

Table: 2 Finding related to Level of Knowldge:

Mean, Mean Difference, Standard Deviation of level of knowledge on diabetic foot care among diabetes mellitus patient.          N = 100

Sr No	Level of knowledge	Mean	Mean different	Standard deviation
1	Pre test	9.01	3.84	3.24

 

Table 2 reveals that during test, the mean score of level of knowledge was 3.84 and the standard  deviation  was 3.24.

 

Finding related to association between pretest knowledge score of Patient with selected demographic variables:

The findings demonstrated that there was no significant association between pretest knowledge scores with selected demographic variables. It was interpreted that the pretest knowledge score regarding diabetic patients of selected hospitals.

 

CONCLUSION:

The main conclusion from this present study is that most of the diabetic patients of selected hospitals had inadequate and moderate level of knowledge regarding diabetic foot care. In pre-test and their level of knowledge regarding diabetic patients had improved to a knowledge. This shows the imperative need to understand the utilities of in improvement of knowledge regarding diabetic foot care of diabetic patients of selected hospitals of mehsana district.

 

REFERENCES:

1.     Joyce M Black, Jane Hokanson Hawks. “Medical Surgical Nursing”. 7^th Edition, 2007, vol-I; P: No; 1243-1244

2.     Suzanne. C. Smeltzer; Brenda. G. Bare. “Text book of medical Surgical Nursing”. 10^th Edition; 2004; p: No; 1150-1153.

3.     Dr.Aziz Nather, Pang Hung Wu. “Diabetes Mellitus and its Complications: A Global Problems”; Diabetes Med; 1996; 13(suppl-1) p: No: 6-11

4.     Dr.Rajiv Gupta. “Diabetes in India: Current status.” Express Health care; 2008; August Vijay Viswanathan, Sharad Pendsey, Arun Bal. “Diabetic foot in India’’, 2005

5.     Lone Gale, Kavitha Vedhara, Terry Kemple, Rona Campbell. “Patient’s Perspectives on foot complications in type 2 diabetes: a Qualitative study.” The British Journal of General Practice; 2008; August; 58(553): P: No: 555-563.

6.     Devender Singh. “Diabetic foot: It’s time to share the burden.”Calicut Medical Journal; 2006; 4(3).

7.     N.C Schaper, L.M Prompers, M.S.P Huijberts. “Treatment of Diabetic foot ulcers.” Immune; Endoc. and Metab. Agents in Med- Chem; 2007; July; P: No: 95-104.

 

Received on 18.04.2020          Modified on 16.05.2020

Accepted on 29.05.2020   ©A&V Publications All right reserved